CONTENTS

PROHIBITION: Its Economic and Industrial Aspects, by Herman Feldman, Professor of Industrial Relations, Amos Tuck School of Administration and Finance, Dartmouth College--1927

CONTENTS

	PAGE
Preface	vii
I. INTRODUCTION	1
Factual Basis of the Material	8
Perils of the Questionnaire Method	11
How the List of Concerns Was Drawn up	12
The Letter and the Questionnaire	14
The Replies Submitted by the Industrialists	18

PART ONE

EFFECTS UPON CONSUMPTION AND PURCHASING POWER

II. WAS LIQUOR CONSUMPTION DECLINING BEFORE PROHIBITION?	23
The Trend in 1900-1914	24
Per Capita Consumption before Prohibition	29
Trend of Liquor Consumption Abroad	30
Where Is the Evidence for Increasing Temperance?	34
Some Explanations	38

III. THE NEWER ROLE OF ALCOHOL	44
The Past Use of Alcohol	44
The Present Use of Alcohol	46
Types of Alcohol Produced Today	48
Diversion to Illegal Uses	50
The Problem of Poison Liquor	55

IV. NEAR-BEER AND REAL BEER	60
How Near-Beer Is Made	62
Near-Beer Consumption since Prohibition	64
Why Near-Beer Consumption Has Declined	67
The Brewers' Tactical Error	70
Future of Near-Beer	72

V. BEVERAGES SUBSTITUTED FOR BEER	74
Milk Consumption since Prohibition	75
Root Beer, Orange Juice, Grape Juice	79
Coca-Cola and Similar Drinks	80
Ginger Ale, Siphons, and Other "Mixers"	81
Do People Drink More Coffee and Tea Instead of Liquor?	83
Summary: Substitute Beverages Compared with Former Liquor Consumption	86

VI. ICE CREAM PARLORS, CANDY STORES, TOBACCO SHOPS AND CAFETERIAS IN THE VOLSTEAD ERA	88
Ice Cream Consumption	88
Candy Consumption	90
Do People Smoke Who Used to Drink?	94
Cafeterias and the Abolition of the Saloons	96

VII. HAS PROHIBITION INCREASED DRUG ADDICTION?	101
What Authoritative Reports Indicate	103
Trend of Known Drug Consumption	106
Estimates of the Number of Addicts	109
Survey by the Committee on Drug Addictions	112
Repeated Denials Disregarded	114

VIII. Is THE AVERAGE WORKER SPENDING LESS ON DRINK?	116
The Country's Drink Bill	118
Economics of Drinking at Home	127
Pay Checks and the Saloons	128
Decline of the Treating Habit	130
Garnishments by Wives and Collectors	131
Charity Cases Caused by Drink	133
Prohibition and Thrift	137

IX. THE "POOR MAN'S CLUB": WHAT HAS TAKEN ITS PLACE?	146
The Movies vs. the Saloons	147
Flivvers vs. Saloons	149
The Home vs. the Saloon	152
Radios and Prohibition	158
Sports and Recreation	157
Economic Significance of the Change	158

PART TWO

EFFECTS UPON PRODUCTION

X. INDUSTRY'S PRE-PROHIBITION VOLSTEADISM: ITS RULES REGARDING LIQUOR	165
Liquor Rations Once a Feature of Industry	165
Growing Antagonism to Liquor	168
Industry's Rules against Liquor Today	171
Some Typical Replies from Employers	172
Liquor among Railroad Employees Tabooed	175
Legal Prohibition plus Industrial Prohibition	175
The Sentiment for Industry's Own Prohibition	180

XI. HAS PROHIBITION REDUCED DISCHARGES FOR DRUNKENNESS?	182
What Industrial Concerns Report	183
Some Individual Replies	185
Prohibition Only One Factor	191
Why Statistics Are Not Available	192
Concerns Reporting Conditions Worse	195
Violence in Labor Disputes	196
Conclusions	198

XII. HAS PROHIBITION ELIMINATED "BLUE MONDAYS" FROM INDUSTRY?	200
Statistical Data Lacking	202
What Executives Report	204
The Employers Who Find Things Worse	210

XIII. PROHIBITION AND INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS	213
No Official Data Available on Accidents Due to Liquor	215
Results from Questionnaire to Industrial Concerns	216
Official Opinion	223
The Trend of Accident Statistics	225
Summary	227

XIV. PROHIBITION AND THE EFFICIENCY OF THE WORKER	229
Physiological Effects of Liquor	232
Professor Irving Fisher's Conclusions	235
The Replies from Executives	242
A Comment on Perspective	248
Labor Turnover and Prohibition	250
Professor Carver on Dependability and "Vertical Mobility"	251

PART THREE

GENERAL ECONOMIC EFFECTS

XV. DOES THE SALESMAN HAVE TO CARRY A BOTTLE?	255
Selling over the Bar in the Old Days	256
The Change in Attitude	257
Reports on Conditions Today	258
Some Salesmen Still Use Old Bait	263
Sales Practices in Transition	265

XVI. IS "MODIFICATION" THE ANSWER TO FARM RELIEF?	270
Wheat and Oats (Grits)	272
Corn	272
Rice	273
Rye	274
Barley and Malt	275
Hops	276
Grapes	278
Increased Demand for Various Farm Products	281
The Farm Relief Problem	282

XVII. HOTELS, CITY CONVENTIONS, AND REAL ESTATE VALUES SINCE PROHIBITION	286
The Hotel Industry under Prohibition	286
The Changed Hotel Atmosphere	291
Hotels' Problem of Law Enforcement	293
Effect on Summer Hotels	294
Conventions Lured to Canada	295
Real Estate Values and Prohibition	299

XVIII. BREWERIES, BREWERY WORKERS, BOTTLE MAKERS, BARTENDERS, AND DISTILLERIES SINCE PROHIBITION	306
Peculiarities of Brewery Property	307
Manufacture of Near-Beer, Soft Drinks, Confectionery, and Ice Cream	310
Ice-Making and Cold Storage	312
The Plight of Some Brewers	313
Other Industries SECURE Available Property	315
The Extraordinary Case of Anheuser-Busch	316
The Skilled Brewery Worker under Prohibition	322
The Bartending Profession since Prohibition	323
The Bottle Workers	325
The Whiskey and Brandy Distilleries	326

XIX. HAS PROHIBITION INCREASED AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS?	330
Crude Statistics Used for Propaganda	331
The Background: Increase in Automobile Hazards	334
Drunken Drivers in Massachusetts	337
Rhode Island	340
Connecticut	343
Per Cent of Automobile Accidents Ascribed to Liquor	344
Future Statistical Complexities	346

XX. PROHIBITION AND THE HIGH COST OF CRIME	351
The Available Data	353
The U.S. Census Report	356
General Arrests as an Index of Crime	360
Contentions of the "Wets"	362
Contentions of the "Drys "	366
Conclusion	367

XXI. PROHIBITION: ITS LONG-TIME ECONOMIC EFFECTS	370
Long-Time Values the Criterion	371
Economic Losses Caused by Prohibition	372
Advantages to Production	377
Effects upon Consumption	381
Economic Importance of the Redirection of Expenditure	385
Benefits of Prohibition Insecure	391
The Next Few Years Will Tell	393

APPENDIX: MORTALITY ASCRIBED TO ALCOHOLISM AND POISON ALCOHOL	395
INDEX	407